PANGBAL CHIN DAN

  Mizoram bakah India ram a state hrang hrang leh khawvel hmun dangah pawh pangbal hian ngaihpawimawh a hlawh ta hle a ni. India ramah hian thlai bul leh zung ei chi engemaw zat kan ching a, chung zinga lar leh pawimawh zual panga(5) zingah Pangbal hi a tel ve phak a, a dangte chu Alu te, Kawlbahra te, Buhchangbahra leh Bal te an ni.

  UNO peng pakhat Food and Agricultural Organisation, F.A.O. kan tih mai chuan 1982 khan chaw atana khawvelin kan hman chi 6 a thlang chhuak a, chung zingah chuan Pangbal leh adang ho pawh hi an tel ve. FAO chhut dan chuan khawvel mihring za zelah 2 (%) te hian pangbal leh a dang kan sawi tak ho kha chaw atan an ring a, amaherawhchu, za zela 50 (%) atanga 75 (%) zet hian rinpui ber dawttuah an hmang bawk. Europe ram tam berah leh N. America-ah te, Africa ram thenkhatahte hetiang ho hian ei leh bar kawngah hmun a chang lian hle a ni.

  Pangbal leh adang alu, bahra leh bal chin hlawk leh thatna leh chu lei chi hrang hrangah hlawk takin a chin theih a, pangbal leh kawlbahrate phei chu lei chhe tak takah pawh a thar hlawk thei viau zel. Tin, pangbal leh kawlbahrate hi rannungin a tichhe lo viau a, hri lakah pawh a fihlim phian a ni.

  Khawvel pum huapa chhutin ram 19 thlan chhuah zingah China khian pangbal leh adang kan sawi tak thlai dangte kha an ching nasa ber a, a dawttu chu USSR kan tih thin ramte, Nigeria-te an ni a, India chu pariatna a ni. Kum 1986 khan India ramah hectare 13 a zauva chin a ni a, ton 182,004,000 zet a thar a. Mitinin insem ta ila kg. 23 1⁄2 in kan chang thei vel ang. Chutih laiin China mipuite chuan kg. 129 1⁄2 velin an chang thei ang. India ram bik lo thlir ta ila, kum 1955 khan pangbal hectare 70,00,000 a chin a ni a, a thar zawng zawng chu ton 62,500,000 a tling a, chu chu hectare 1 ah Quintal 89.3 thar ang a ni, kum 1986 ah chuan 1955 a an chinna let aia zauva chin a ni a, a thar pawh 1955 a mi letin a tam zawk a, a hlawk lam hectare 1 a quintal 100 dawn a thar ang kan lo ni ta. State hrang hrang zing ah Kerala State in a ching nasa ber a, Tamil Nadu-in a dawt a, Andra Pradesh pathumna a ni. Karnataka leh India hmarchhak state-ah te pawh hian engemaw zat chu an ching bawk. Tamil Nadu in an thar hlawk ber a, 1983-84 chhung khan hectare 1 a zauvah ton 31.15 an thar phak, chumi kum vek chuan Mizoram chuan hectare 1 ah ton 3.33 chauh kan thar phak. Kum 1991—92 chhung khan Mizoramah pangbal hectare 285 a zauvah kan ching a, ton 1984 kan thar. Kum kalta kum 6 chhunga Mizorama pangbal chin dan leh thar dan chu hetiang hi a ni :

Table 34 :

Kum	Area (Ha)	Production (Qtls.)	Productivity	Remarks
2004-05	77	4,940	64.15
2005-06	300	12,220	40.73
2006-07	NA	NA	NA
2007-08	63	820	13.01
2008-09	65	2860	44.00
2009-10	193	13,970	72.38

Source : Statistical Abstract 2009-10, Dept. of Agriculture (CH), Mizoram.

  India hmarchhak state zingah Meghalaya in an ching nasa ber a, kum 1985-86 chhung khan hectare 3,800 zetah an ching a, ton 21,500 vel an thar, an thar hlawk dan chu hectare 1 ah ton 5 1⁄2 vel a ni, a dawttu chu Arunachal Pradesh a ni.

SIK LEH SA LEH LEILUNG :

  Awle, pangbal hi hmun lum leh hnawng, ruahtui inang tlang taka insem rualna ramah a tha duh ber. Phun nun tawh chuan khawkheng a tuar thei fu. Tuifinriat zawl atanga 3,500 ft. a sangah pawh hlawhtling takin a chin theih a, hei aia hmun sang boruak chu pangbal tan a vawt tawh a, pangbal a thar hlawk tawh lo. Ruahtui tamna ramah pawh a chin theih a, kum 1 a ruahtui 100 inch. tlakna hmunah pawh a chin theih, ruahtui tamna ramah chuan tui lak nena chin kher angai lova, ruah vantla ringa chin a tawk mai. Tin, buh leh bal chinna atana duhawm vak lo, tlangpang awi deuhah pawh hlawhtling taka chin theih a ni.

  Kan sawi tak ang khan leichhia pawh a ngam viau a, chuvangin hmun tin tih theih deuh thawah a chin theih mai, amaherawhchu, lei al lam hi a ngeih lova, chubakah ruahtui luan ral zung zung theihna ram hi a mamawh. Hei vang hian tui chim a tha lo tih kan hre tur a ni. Chuti a nih chuan Mizoram sik leh sa leh ruahtui tla te, a leilungte chu pangbal hlawhtling taka chin theihna hmun a ni tih kan hre thei ang.

A PHUN HUN

  Pangbal tang chu April leh May thla ruahtui (South West Monsoon) tlak hma emaw, September leh October thla vela ruahtui (North East Monsoon) tlak lai velin phun tur a ni. Tui lak nen kan chawm thei dawn anih erawh chuan engtik huna phun pawh a pawi lo, December leh January thla a phun erawh chu a thlan awm deuh.

  A chin hun kan han sawi tak ang khan Mizoramah pawh April leh May thla chhung hi pangbal chin hun a ni a, hetih hun lai hian pangbal an ching ber.

PHUN TUR CHU

  Pangbal kung puitling leh hrisel ami ngei nise a bul lutuk emaw a ler lutuk emaw lak tur a ni lo. Chuvangin a bul lam ft. 1 vel paih a, a ler lam chu a kung hmun thuma thena hmun khat paih bawk a, a la awm zawng chu phun tur a ni. Chem hriam tak hmangin tan thliah thliah tur a ni, a sei zawng hi duh dan a inanglo hle. A then in 4 inch. vel chauh a seiin an tan a, a thenin ft. 2 leh ft. 3 laia seiin an ruahman bawk, Ft. 1⁄2 emaw inches 8-9 inkar vel hi duhthusam a ni. Chutiangah chuan a mit 4 atanga 6 vel a awm thei ang.

A PHUN DAN

  A tlangpui thuin pangbal phun dan chi 3 a awm a, a khawi emaw ber hi kan zawm thei ang :

  1. Mound Method : Hei hi chu ruah tui inpaih ral zung zung theih lohna hmuna pangbal phun dan a ni. Lei ft. 1 emaw a aia hniam deuh in emaw an vur pawng a tah chuan pangbal tang an phun thin.

  2. Ridge Method : Ram awihtlan deuha pangbal kan chin dawn chuan ridge method zawm a tha. Awihtlan tan zawngin a thlura lei rih pawna tah chuan phun tur a ni a, rih pawn san zawng hi ft. 1 vel bawk nise a tawk.

  3. Flat Method : Hei hi ram zawl tui kawng mumal tak awmna hmuna zawm chi a ni. Khur laih saah emaw lei chhun pawnah emaw ngil takin inches 2 vel a thuk a phun tur a ni. Hmun thenkhatah chuan a awnin an phun bawk. Phun dan dang leh chu khur laih saah emaw lei chhun pawnah a kham zawngin inches 2 vela thukah an phum bawk. Duh ang chuan a mit 3 vel tal hi lawr se a tha. Tin, a buk chi chu feet 3 kar dan a phun nise, a buk lo chi erawh chu feet 2 1⁄2 kar danah phun ila a tawk.

LEITHAA CHAWM:

  Ran zun leh ek leh hnimhnah tawih leitha, pangbal hmun hectare 1-a zauvah qtl. 100 atanga 150 vel sem darh tur a ni. Fertilizer pek tur zat chu Urea kg 100, Ammonium phosphate Kg. 250, superphosphate Kg. 625 leh Muriat of potash Kg. 80 a ni a. Tin, phun atanga ni 45 leh 60 velah Urea kg. 110 emaw Ammonium Sulphate Kg. 250 emaw pek leh tur a ni. Chubakah Muriat of Potash Kg. 80 pek leh tur a ni bawk. Heng fertilizer te hian nitrogen, phosphorus leh Potash kg. 100 theuh an pai a ni. Fertilizer-te chu pangbal bul atanga feet chanve vel a hlaa pek tur a ni.

ENKAWL ZUI DAN:

  Phun atanga ni 30 leh 40 velah bultina chawr tha zual pahnih zuahin a dang chu paih vek tur a ni. Tin, hlo thlawh a, leitha pek tur angte pein thlai bul rih dura rih vur nghal bawk tur a ni. Hnuhhram thlawh leh tur a ni a, thla hnih khat hnuah thlai bul rih dura rih vur leh bawk tur a ni.

  Pangbal chi hrang hrangah inang kher lo mahse an puitlin tak tak hmain ft. 8 leh ft 10 inkar a sang an tling hman a, a bul a len theih nan a ler tan chhum a, ft 6 aia sang thlen tir phal loh tur tih a ni bawk.

PANGBAL CHI THATE:

  1. H-97: He pangbal hi thla 10 chhungin a thar hman a, a thar hlawk lam pawh hectare khat hmun ah quintal 250 atanga 300 inkar vel a ni. A buk lem lova, a starch pai tam lam chu za zela 30(%) a ni. Mosaic natna a haw lo bawk.

  2. H-165: Thla 8 chhungin a thar hman a, a thar hlawk lam chu hectare 1 hmuna quintal 330 atanga 380 zet a ni. Zar a nei lova, thar rang tak a ni bawk. A starch pai tam lam chu za zela 24 a ni.

  3. H-226 : He pangbal pawh hi thla 10 chhunga thar bawk a ni a, a thar hlawk lam chu hectare khat hmuna quintal 300 leh 350 inkar a ni. Zar ngah lo tak a ni a, a starch pai tam lam chu za zela 29 a ni a, Mosaic natna a haw lo bawk.

  4. H-2304 : Thla 11 chhungin a thar a, hectare khata zauvah quintal 350 atanga 400 lai a thar thei. Zar a ngah lo hle a, mosaic natna leh kungro natna a haw lo hawk, a starch pai tam lam chu za zela 30 a ni.

  5. H-1687 : Hei hi thla 10 chhung bawka thar a ni a, a thar hlawk lam chu hectare khat hmuna quintal 330 atanga 380 vel a ni. Zar ngah lo tak bawk a ni a, a ti a engin a starch pai tam zat chu za zela 26 a ni.

  6. M-4 : Thla 10 chhunga thar, hectare khat hmuna quintal 180 leh 230 inkar thar phak a ni. Zar a nei lova, pangbal tui tak a ni. Tin, mite hrikin a tichhe duh. A starch pai tam zawng chu za zela 29 a ni.

  7. Local: Mizorama kan pangbal chin mek, a var chi leh a sen chite pawh hi a tha ve viau. Uluk taka chin leh enkawl chu nise a thar hlawk ve viau thei ang.

THLAI VENHIM HNA

  Pangbal hi natna khirh leh chimawm lakah a fihlim ang reng phian a, rannung leh natna, he thlai tana hnawksak deuh leh a ven dan tur chu.

  1. Spider mites :- Hei hi rannung chimawm ve deuh awmchhun a ni mai awm e. Khawkhen laiin a lo lang a, thlai hnah atanga tuihnang a dawt thin avangin thlai hnah a lo kir a, a tla kawlh thin.

  A thah dan - Pawi tham deuh a nih dawn chuan January leh February thla velah Di methoate emaw methyl ematon emaw 0.05%-in kap la a sawt viau.

  2. Mosaic :- Hei hi Virus natna hrik, pangbal beitu lar tak a ni a, pangbalin a vei phawt chuan a rang a ranga tih reh tur a ni. Chutiang vei kung atang chuan a chi tur pawh lak loh tur a ni.

THLAI SENG:

  1) Thlai thar ran leh tlai a thuin seng hun a inthlau thei ve thova, tlangpui thuin phun atanga thla riat velah a seng theih tan. Hmun hran hranah a seng hun leh hun loh hriat nan a bul enchhin phawt a tha.

  2) Pangbal seng tih hian a kung sahthluk a tul ve a, phun leh atan daihlimah tun that tur a ni.

  3) A bul chu fimkhur takin thuthlawh hmanga chawh tur a ni. A thar hlawh dan chu a hma lama kan sawi tawh kha a ni.

PANGBAL HMANNA LEH A TANGKAINATE:

  Pangbal hi a bul chauh ni lovin a hnahte hi a tangkai em em. A bul leh a hnahte hi mihring leh ran tan chaw tha tak a ni. Khawvel puma pangbal thar chhuah zaa 10 (%) zet hi ran chaw atan hman a ni thin a, Europe-ah an hmang nasa zual. Thailand rama pangbal thar zaa 95 (%) zet leh Indonesia rama pangbal thar zawng zawng zaa 10 (%) zet te chu ran chaw atan saihlum anga mumin an siam a. Europe-ah an thawn thin. Pangbal leh Vaiminte hi Starch siam nan an hmang nasa hle a, chung chu Industry-a hmanah leh mihring tan a ni ber. Starch chu Glucose leh fructose tui chi siam nan an hmang uar hle tawh a, chung chu sweet siamna leh damdawi siamna lamah a tangkai em em. Hetiang anih avang hian khawvel puma pangbal thar za zela 3 hi starch siam nan an hmang thin. India ramah chuan thar zawng zawng hmun thuma thena hmun khat hi Starch siam nan an hmang.

  Pangbal hman dan kan hriat lar leh deuhte chu, chawhmeh atan alu leh kawlbahrate ang bawka hman a ni a. Tin, a pil an vel a, an zai lep a, an chhuang so sek a, an phoro leh a, alu chips angin an hmang thin. A powder-ah an siam nasa hle bawk. Chips leh powder-te hi dah that a awlsam a, hetia siam hi a tangkai hle. Powder kan tih hian chhangphut tihna pawh a kawk tho tih hria ila.

  Mizoram chhungah pangbal kan hman dan leh kan chin chhante chu, a bul chawhmeh leh ran chawa hman atan te, a maimaw pangang (silk worm) khawiin a hnah chaw atan an hman te hi a ni ber awm e. Chaw atana ei te hi zir a hun ta hle. Tin, ran pawh kan vulh uar sawt hle a, F.C.I. buhfai dik lo taka ran chaw atana kan hman thin thlak nante pawh hman a tul hle a ni. Mizoram vawk vulh pawl Pigfed pawh hian kum khat chhungin eng emaw zat an mamawh bawk. Hetiang hian Zoram chhunga kan mamawh phuhru tur hian eng emaw zat chu kan thar chhuah a, sum leh paia chanter theih a ni ta. Tin, a rova state danga hralh chhuah theih turin Agriculture department chuan kawng a dap thin a, enchhinna a neihah chuan pangbal hring leh ro inthlauhna chu zaa 31 a ni. Chumi awmzia chu a hring kg. 100-ah a ro, vel sa diam kg.31 a lo haw thei tihna a ni.

NGAIHTUAH TURTE :

  Hetiang kan hmabak a nih ngai chuan hengte hi uluk taka kan chhut a ngai ngei ang le.

1)  Pangbal chi hrisel zawk leh thar hlawk zawk kan dap chhuah a ngai ang.

2)  Pangbal thar rang chi dap chhuah leh chin a tul ang.

3)  Pangbal chin nan ram zau zawk kan ruahman a ngai hrim hrim a, chin ngai lohna laiah pawh kan chin tan a ngai ang.

4)  Chaw atan hman zir a ngai a, chutiang bawkin kan ran vulh chaw atana hman kan ching tan tur a ni.

5)  Pangbal tih rona leh herna khawl kan ngaihtuah a ngai bawk ang.

6)  Ching uar tura infuih pawh a ngai a, chutiang atan chuan loneituten an pangbal thar hralhna an hriat mumal loh hun pawha price support subsidy pek emaw procurement tih theih sorkarin tum se, pangbalte chu kan ching uarin kan thar teuh teuh mai ang.

  Kan sawi tak ang kha tuna Mizoram dinhmun chu a ni a, pangbala intodelh tur chuan chin dan kan sawi ang khan uar leh nasa zawka tan kan lak a tul. A hringa ei ngawt sen a ni dawn lova, dah tha tur leh Mizoram pawna hralh tur chuan tihro phawta uluk taka thawn chhuah a tul ang. Tin, a hralhna hi kan dap chhuah phawt a tul bawk. Chubakah chaw atan rin tumna chang kan hriat a tul hle bawk ang.

Source : Lalthanzuala
MSc.(Ag) ,Agro, PG Dip.Agmark
Thlai chin dan
Department of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry)
Mizoram
Page No : 129 - 135
First Edition-2011